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Clandestine Radio Watch 068

Previous Page : CRW 067

Last update for the content of this page on Apr 30th, 2001
CRW is the newsletter for ClandestineRadio.com
Editors E-mail

Next Page : CRW 069


--------------xxxxxxxxxx CRW 068 xxxxxxxxxx--------------

CLANDESTINE RADIO WATCH
April 30, 2001

Clandestine Radio Watch (CRW) is a biweekly summary which centralizes
the latest news and developments affecting the study of clandestine
radio in an easy-to-read format. Editions are published on the CRW
web site. Access to CRW is free.

CRW is both not-for-profit and non-partisan. We welcome your inte-
rest, input and queries. Contributions, input and support, logs, QSL
verification info, as well as background material can be sent to us.
CRW issues may also contain parts in Spanish, Italian, Dutch, German
or Portuguese.

CRW Team
Editor-in-Chief : Martin Schoech : schoech@clandestineradio.com
Correspondents:
Baltics Bureau : Robertas Petraitis : tornado493@hotmail.com
New York City Bureau : Armando F. Mastrapa : polisci@mindspring.com
Washington Bureau : Nick Grace C. : grace@clandestineradio.com

Next issue - CRW 069 : May 14, 2001

Current and old issues of CRW can be found at:
http://www.ClandestineRadio.com/watch/index.htm
or via the v3-url for CRW : http://listen.to/crw

The largest data base for CR is ClandestineRadio.com at:
http://www.ClandestineRadio.com

------------xxxxxxxxxx Breaking News xxxxxxxxxx----------------

...............................................................

------------xxxxxxxxxx Schedules xxxxxxxxxx--------------------

Schedules - AFGHANISTAN

Voice of Shari'ah          see misc in this CRW

...............................................................

Schedules - ANGOLA

Radio Ecclesia

Radio Ecclesia in Portuguese:
05.00 - 06.00  Daily    on 15775/160 deg to CeAf  not yet active
17.00 - 18.00  Daily    on 15775/160 deg to CeAf  not yet active
(Observer-BUL 114 Apr 24, 2001)

...............................................................

Schedules - ASIA

Radio Free Asia

Radio Free Asia. This was not in the current schedule published
recently: 1700-1800 Khmer on 11525 15695 as heard on April 13th.
(S.Domen-BEL in DXLD Apr 16, 2001 via BCDX 517)

Strange item; RFA web site shows not this service. It would also be a
strange timing for Cambodia, I guess is 0100 LT in SE Asia!
(W.Büschel-D Apr 18, 2001 in DXLD 1-054)

Added for Cambodian New Year. (D.Ferguson-USA in BCDX 517)

...............................................................

Schedules - ERITREA

Voice of Democratic Eritrea

Voice of Democratic Eritrea in Tigrina:
14.00 - 15.00 Sat  only    on  5925/non-dir to Eu
17.00 - 18.00 Mon and Thu  on 15670/125 deg to Ea Af
(Observer-BUL 114 Apr 24, 2001)

...............................................................

Schedules - ETHIOPIA

Radio Rainbow

Radio Rainbow in Amharic:
09.00 - 10.00 Sun  only    on  5995/non-dir to Eu
16.00 - 17.00 Fri  only    on 15670/140 deg to Ea Af


Voice of Democratic Path of Ethiopian Unity

Voice of Democratic Path of Ethiopian Unity in Amharic:
07.00 - 08.00 Sun  only    on 21550/145 deg to Ea Af
18.30 - 19.30 Wed  only    on 15715/140 deg to Ea Af
(Observer-BUL 114 Apr 24, 2001)


Voice of Ethiopian Salvation

Voice of Ethiopian Salvation in Amharic:
16.00 - 17.00 Thu and Sun  on 15670/125 deg to Ea Af
(Observer-BUL 114 Apr 24, 2001)


Voice of Orormo Liberation

Voice of Orormo Liberation in Oromo:
17.00 - 18.00 Thu,Fri,Sun  on 15715/125 deg to Ea Af
(Observer-BUL 114 Apr 24, 2001)

...............................................................

Schedules - IRAN

R International

New schedule of R International in Persian via Grigoriopol 500 kW/116
deg: 1630-1715 (x1730-1815 in A-00) on 11635 (45544) no jammers.
(Observer-BUL Apr 17, 2001 via BCDX 516)

...............................................................

Schedules - IRAQ

Radio Free Iraq

R. Free Iraq (via RFE/RL), current sked:  daily at 0100-0400 on 7255,
9730 & 9865, 1400-1500 on 9825, 13755, 15170 & 17740, 1500-1700 on
9825, 11805, 15170 & 17740, and 2000-2200 on 5955, 6105, 7220, 7230,
7245, 9520 & 9665.
(BBCM Apr 29, 2001 in NU 1628)

...............................................................

Schedules - KURDISTAN

R Freedom, Vo the CP of Iraqi Kurd.    see misc in this CRW
Voice of Iranian Kurdestan             see misc in this CRW
Voice of Kurdistan Toilers             see misc in this CRW
Voice of the Iraqi People              see misc in this CRW

...............................................................

Schedules - MYANMAR

Democratic Voice of Burma

A-01 schedule of Democratic Voice of Burma in Burmese:
14.30 - 14.55     5945 TAC 200 kW/132 deg
                 15405 KVI 500 kW/080 deg
                 17485 MDC 050 kW/055 deg
14.55 - 15.30     5945 TAC 200 kW/132 deg
                 15405 JUL 100 kW/070 deg
23.30 - 00.30     9495 JUL 100 kW/080 deg
                 11590 MDC 200 kW/055 deg
JUL=Juelich; KVI=Kvitsoy; MDC=Madagascar; TAC=Tashkent
(OBSERVER-BUL via CDX 343)

...............................................................

Schedules - RUSSIA

Radio Free Chechnya

Radio Free Chechnya in Russian broadcasts 1 hour earlier during summer
time season: *0200-2000* on longwave 171 kHz. Heard in April.
(R.Petraitis-LTU Apr 30, 2001 for CRW)

------------xxxxxxxxxx Logs xxxxxxxxxx-------------------------

Logs - ANGOLA

R Ecclesia

No sign of them at either 0500 or 1700 Apr 15.
(J.Berg-USA, NU, Apr 15 via BCDX 516)

No sign yet of R. Ecclésia relay via DTK Germany, on 15775, checked
April 16 at 0500, nor when propagation would be more likely at
1700-1800. The listed start date of April 15 was obviously tentative
(G.Hauser-USA Apr 16, 2001 in DXLD 1-053)

Not neither on Apr 18th, but heard WYFR Juelich relay in French later
from 1800-2100 on same channel.
(W.Büschel-D Apr 18, 2001 in BCDX 516)

Still nothing from scheduled R. Ecclésia via DTK April 17 at 1700
check on 15775 (BTW, WYFR starts at 1800 on same)
(G.Hauser-USA Apr 18, 2001 in DXLD 1-054)

...............................................................

Logs - BELORUSSIA

Radio Racja

6035 R Racja, Bialystok 0440-0450 Belarusian talk, ID 0445 "Radyjo
Ratsyya, Minsk", Belarusian pop song, 0448 another ID, 54544
(A.Petersen-DNK Apr 16, 2001 in CDX 343)

...............................................................

Logs -  CAMBODIA

Radio Free Asia

Radio Free Asia. April 15 broadcast 1700-1800 on 11525 and 15695 in
Khmer (Cambodian) must indeed have been a one-off. No doubt about RFA:
English ID near the end of the broadcast. Lots of Campuchea mentioned,
also Prathet Thai (Thailand) but as far as I'm aware no Thai programs
on RFA
(S.Domen-BEL Apr 24, 2001 in DXLD 1-056)

Not sure if `Prathet Thai` is the Cambodian term for Thailand, but it
is the Laotian, same as Thai (gh, DXLD)
(G.Hauser-USA Apr 24, 2001 in DXLD 1-056)


Voice of Justice

15455v Voice of Justice *1000-1100* was off the air last Saturday 14
Apr.
(M.Fathi-D Apr 14, 2001 in CDX 343)

15455v Voice of Justice *1000-1100* nothing on.
(M.Fathi-D Apr 21, 2001 in CDX 344)

...............................................................

Logs - CHINA

Falun Dafa Radio

9310 kHz, 2200 --  Falun Dafa R mit ID in Ma mit 32332 / jamming
(M.Reiff-D Apr. 13, 2001 in A-DX)

...............................................................

Logs - COLOMBIA

LV de la Resistencia

6241 1120- LV de la Resistencia, Colombia (MORNING ONLY)
(R.Bruni-I, Macas, Ecuador, via Faiallo DX via E.Oliva-I, HCDX,
April 17 2001, via DXLD 1-054; date of logging unknown)

...............................................................

Logs - ERITREA

Vo Democratic Eritrea

15670 Vo Democratic Eritrea, Tigrinha 1703 nx? (Asmara, Pres.), 1706
political feature on Western Democracy, 1717 local song, 1730 Arabic:
ID, frq. sked, political tk (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Angola,
Mozambique), songs 1758 ID in Tigrinha, off
(S.Kolesov-UKR Apr 23, 2001 in CDX 344)

...............................................................

Logs - IRAN

R Iran of Tomorrow

5830 R Iran of Tomorrow via Dushanbé *1800-1829* Martial song, Farsi
ID, frequency announcement, news, folksongs, political comment about
Kurdistan; intermittent CWQRM, 45444
(A.Petersen-DNK Apr 12, 2001 in CDX 343)


Radio Voice Of Iran

Radio Voice Of Iran-KRSI: April 21, 0500 or earlier, still going
strong at 1000 on 15690 Farsi. SINPO 45343 here in Belgium, so Jülich
it surely can be. Lots of commercials for Iranian businesses an
d callcenters in USA. Phone-in with listeners living in USA. ID given
as "Radio Sedaye Iran, Los Angeles"
(S.Domen-BEL Apr 24, 2001 in DXLD 1-056)


Voice of the Mojahed ???

4850 kHz, 1745 UNID  VO the Mojahed ??? mit talk in unid Sprache mit
23322
(M.Reiff-D Apr. 13, 2001 in A-DX)

...............................................................

Logs - IRAQ

Republic of Iraq Radio

v11710.32/.33 *1500-v0300*, IDing as Rep of Iraq Radio, Vo People of
Iraq. All items in Arab. Is that really official Baghdad? As far as I
remember there were/are 'tricky' clandestines using/-ed 'naturally
sounded' Baghdad IDs. REGULAR last weak. Except yesterday (did not
note it at s-on, but active in couple of hh later).
(V.Titarev-UKR, Apr 24, 2001 in BCDX 517)

CIA operation from ARS soil ? Heard at least in past decade on their
\\ v9563 and v9568/9. Since autumn 9569 replaced by v11710 ?
(W.Büschel-D in BCDX 517)

Yes, 11710 is the clandestine stn from ARS and should be \\ 9563. The
stn used to operate on 9568 too, but this freq has not been heard for
some time now, and is probably off air.
(N.R.Green-G, Apr 24, 2001 in BCDX 517)

Yes, 11710 is the same station, it can also be heard on MW 1053 kHz. I
wonder where this MW tx is located? They have a website at
www.inc.org.uk
(M.Ritola-FIN, Apr 24, 2001 in BCDX 517)

...............................................................

Logs - KOREA (NORTH)

Voice of The People

6600 Voice of The People (presumed) heard while a male talking in
Korean at 1440, SINPO/23232 // to weaker 3912.
(M.Fathi-D Apr.20, 2001 in CDX 344)

...............................................................

Logs - KURDISTAN

4085//5860 Vo Iraqi Kurdistan 1920 Kurdish commentary, ID as Dengi
Kurdistan Iraqa, local instrumental music, better on 5860
(A.Koutamanis-HOL Apr 14, 2001 in CDX 343)

UNID (1)

An UNID clandestine station (presumed procommunist) noted in Kurdish
and Farsi on April 16th *1625-1800* on 6815 kHz. ID in Farsi: "In
seda-ye ..-yama, seda-ye parezgaran-e azadi Kordestana, seda-ye
 amnestizi y irbayda ..., seda-ye azadi e socializmu". The station
 plays 'Internacionale' as anthem.
(R.Petraitis-LTU Apr 30, 2001 for CRW)

UNID (2)

Other UNID radio station heard in Kurdish on April 16-18th *0408-0555*
on 6647v kHz.
(R.Petraitis-LTU Apr 30, 2001 for CRW)

...............................................................

Logs - MYANMAR

Democratic Voice of Burma

9495  April 11 0021-0030  D  VO Democratic Burma, via DTK-Burmese: TK.
before S/OFF at 0030 ID with MX. [??? PA]
(P.F.Arrunátegui-PRU Apr 11, 2001 in DX-tract 91)

9495 Voice of Democratic Burma (Via DTK) 0021-0030* Vernacular, long
talks and the end of program previous to the s/off music with Id on
the background (the music very strong and the female announcer voice
very weak) Several mentions of Democratic Burma
(N.Eramo-URG Apr 11/12, 2001 in CDX 343)

15405 Democratic Voice of Burma *1429 IS and female voice giving clear
ID with reading of frequency schedule in presumably Burmese. Program
continue till 1449*, they resume *1455 with apparently other
vernaculars 1530*, SINPO/34444 // 5945 v.weak
(M.Fathi-D Apr 14, 2001 in CDX 343)

...............................................................

Logs - USA

World Patriot Radio / United Patriot Radio

3260 World Patriot Radio 0100 Don, Tony, and Steve, discussing arms,
ammo protection, (how to keep your powder dry), Kentucky militia (no
longer affiliated), etc.  not really a BS, but still on the air with
huge signal
(D.Tomasko-USA Apr 19, 2001 in CDX 343)

Reactivated this date after repairing their equipment.  Also heard
12182 later on the 19th.
(H.Johnson-USA Apr 19, 2001 in CDX 343)

[comment about the two logs above - CRW] Really WPR, not UPR? I`d
think using the name ``World`` would be verboten, as in New World
Order
(G.Hauser-USA Apr 20, 2001 in DXLD 1-055)


3260.0U, United Patriot Radio, faded in about 0130  Apr 22, but not
readable.  By 0300 signal was fair-good.  S/off at 0352  when ex-Major
Steve had nothing further to say.  Scheduled tomorrow at 1900 Eastern,
and also at 1600 Eastern on 12182U.
(W.Salmaniw-CAN Apr 22, 2001 in NU 1627)

12182U, United Patriot Radio, 1934-2127 Apr 22, tune-in to
satellite-fed prgm on herbal remedies from the Trinity School, ID at
2002, into another satellite audio prgm on radio communications, hoste
d by a Dave Martin, with ref. to WRMI coming up in a half hour on
15275.  Still there at 2127 recheck.  Varied from 12181.88 to
12182.  Excellent.
(T.Krueger-USA Apr 29, 2001 in NU 1628)

United Patriot Radio update: Station is being heard with regularity on
12182 USB. I`ve hrd UPR from 2020 to 0030 UT on 12182 weekday
afternoons & evenings. Copy is generally poor due to high noise
levels; possibly less power from the transmitter. At 0100 have hrd The
Intelligence Report followed by The Militia Hour at 0200 UT on 3260
USB. Haven`t stuck around later than that. Signal quality and strength
is noticeably reduced. Recent solar conditions haven`t helped, but
still believe may be problems with transmitter. Nonetheless, the
station is operating with an expanded schedule of programming
(J.Sedlacek-USA, Free Radio Weekly Apr 27 2001 via DXLD 1-058)

UNITED PATRIOT RADIO: 3260/U, 0047-0111+, 24-Apr; M telling us how to
find Jesus on the cross in the stars and other creative interpre-
tations. Px feed is very scratchy. UPR ID @0100 w/o scratch then
Intelligence Report px. SIO=253-
(H.Frodge-USA, Free Radio Weekly Apr 27 2001 via DXLD 1-058)

3260/U, 0218, 4/25; talk about foundations against America, gun
confiscation etc, 0332 noted in parallel with 5085 WWFV. noisy
satellite receive? (Larry Russell, MI) 3260/U, 0050-0115+, 4/26; UPN
ID @0100, 0101 start Intell Report but Mark from MI not there. No sign
of WWFV
(L.Russell-USA Free Radio Weekly Apr 27 2001 via DXLD 1-058) )

12182/U; 1820-1855+, 26-Apr; Presume UPR; Genesis px w/call-in & non-
mainstream ads. Caller sez he has pics of members of the Tri-lateral
Commission urinating together. Running SIO=353 to inaudible, poor
overall. Disappeared completely about 1855 while WWFV continued past
1900. \\12172/AM WWFV at SIO=554+
(H.Frodge-USA, Free Radio Weekly Apr 27 2001 via DXLD 1-058)

------------xxxxxxxxxx QSL Verifications xxxxxxxxxx------------

Qsl's - IRAQ

Radio Bopeshawa

9450 R.Bopeshawa  My report to the P.O. Box 7962 London SW1 2ZG
England returned marked as 'gone away' (as of April 6, 2001) A report
to this address so far has not been returned : AKPI, Postfach 160244,
10338 BERLIN, Deutschland [publ. in CRW 066 - CRW]
(E.Kusalik-CAN Apr 23, 2001 for CRW)

...............................................................

Qsl's - SUDAN

R Voice of Hope

Received a no-data QSL on "The New Sudan Council of Churches"
letterhead signed by Jane Namadi, Deputy Editor RVOH stating it was
confirmation of my reception report. Also states they do not have QS
L cards yet, but will send a card when they are ready. The letter was
mailed from Uganda, but the infomration at the bottom of the
letterhead is "PO Box 66168, Nairobi, Kenya  *  Telephone 446966,
448141/2  Fax 447015  *  E-mail nscc-nbo@maf.org" The letter was
typed/dated February 22, 2001 but postmarked from Uganda on March
28, 2001.
(L.Silvi-USA Apr 20, 2001 in HCDX)

15320, R. Voice of Hope (via Madagascar), partial-data ltr, similar to
Ed Kusalik's, from Jane Namadi in 92 days for EG rpt and tape to most
recent Uganda address.  Promised one of those elusive QSL cards when
they are printed.  Ltr was dated Feb 22, but mailed Apr 3!
(D.Henderson-USA Apr 15, 2001 in NU 1626)

------------xxxxxxxxxx Miscellaneous xxxxxxxxxx----------------

Misc - AFGHANISTAN

Kabul radio changes morning broadcast times |
Text of report by Afghan Taleban radio on 12 April

Announcement by the Radio Voice of Shari'ah: Owing to the change in
daylight hours and the season of the year, our morning broadcast will
start at 0510 [ 0040 gmt] as of Sunday 21st of Muharam [15 April].
The Pashto news broadcasts at 0700 [0230] and the death announcements
will be broadcast as before, after the Pashto news. Our morning
broadcast ends after the news in Dari at 0800 [0330 gmt] every
morning, Our compatriots should be aware of this Source: Radio Voice
of Shari'ah, Kabul, in Pashto 1500 gmt 12 Apr 01
(via BBCM April 18 via DXLD 1-054)

WTFK? Last reported on 7090 (gh)

...............................................................

Misc - EUROPE

Holzkirchen 1593 shut down

The US consulate at Munich announced yesterday that the IBB
Holzkirchen/ Oberlaindern site will cease transmitting on mediumwave
[1593] but continue the shortwave transmissions "towards the Balkans,
Central Asia and into other geopolitically important regions, which
can for the time being reached by this facility only for technical
reasons". (dpa news agency; original item at
http://www.nz-online.de/nz/b6.htm if not removed meanwhile)

The German text makes not definitely clear whether or not the
transmitter is still on air, but seemingly not; at least I hear
tonight on 1593 only traces of weak signals down in the noisefloor,
while Holzkirchen was actually unmistakable here; I guess 1593 was on
air for the last time on Sunday.

The statement of the consulate that the shortwave transmitters at
Holzkirchen/Oberlaindern (HOL) are used for broadcasts into the
Balkans, is wrong and certainly the result of a confusion with the
mediumwave outlet, which was recently used for the Serbian/
Serbocroatian services of VoA and RFE exclusively after carrying also
other stuff (namely VoA English, also including Communications World)
some years ago. For that they failed to mention the European part of
the CIS, which is still amongst the main target areas of HOL. The
only azimuths which are currently used at HOL are 39, 57, 59 and 77
degrees, and I guess that not much further ones are possible, so the
HOL shortwave transmitters are likely useful for transmissions into
the CIS and surrounding targets only. And "technical reasons" are in
German an oblique reference to reasons which one does not want to
mention
(K.Ludwig-D Apr 10, 2001 in DXLD 1-051)


It is rumoured that RFE will throw in another mediumwave site for
Holzkirchen, described as "some 200 km away", which would fit to the
Czech Republic. However, this gossip originates from rather obscure
sources, so it could well be without any foundation.
(K.Ludwig-D Apr 11, 2001 in DXLD 1-051)

...............................................................

Misc - KURDISTAN

R Freedom, Voice of the Communist Party of Iraqi Kurdistan

3905v, R. Freedom, Voice of the Communist Party of Iraqi Kurdistan,
operates at 1500-1600.  First hrd in Feb 1997, it appears to share
facilities with the Iraqi Communist Party stn, Voice of the Ira
qi People [below].  IDs as "This is R. Freedom, Voice of the Communist
Party of Iraqi Kurdistan" (Kurdish, "aira ezgay azadiya, dangi hizbi
shuyu'i kurdistani iraq").
(BBCM Apr. 15, 2001 via NU 1626)


Voice of Iranian Kurdestan

3985v (3940-4200), Voice of Iranian Kordestan (Persian, "Seda-ye
Kordestan-e Iran"; Kurdish, "Aira Dangi Kordestani Irana"), operates
daily at 0200-0300 in Kurdish, 0330-0400 in Persian, 1400-1530 in
Kurdish, 1530-1600 in Persian.  Was first hrd in 1973-75, then
again from 1980.  It is operated by the Democratic Party of Iranian
Kurdistan.  Fqys vary to avoid jamming.
(BBCM Apr. 15, 2001 via NU 1626)


Voice of Kurdistan Toilers

4250v, Voice of Kurdistan Toilers (Kurdish, "aira dangi zahmatkeshan-e
kurdistana"; AR, "huna idha'at sawt kadihi kurdistan"), daily in AR at
0300-0430 (repeat of previous evening's b/c) & 1500-1630, and Kurdish
at 0430-0530 (repeat) & 1630-1730.  It was first observed on Nov 28,
1999.  It b/cs in support of the Sulaymaniyah-based Kurdistan Toilers
Party.
(BBCM Apr. 22, 2001 via NU 1627)


Voice of the Iraqi People

3905v & 5910v, Voice of the Iraqi People (AR, "huna sawt al-sha'b
al-iraqi, idha'at al-hizb al-shuyu'i al-'iraqi"), operates daily in AR
at 0300-0400 (repeat of previous evening's b/c) and 1630-1730
.  Has been hrd since 1982, although a stn of the same name and
Communist Party affiliation was hrd between 1963 and 1968 broadcasting
clandestinely from Bulgaria.  Stn describes itself as "Voice of the
Iraqi People, radio of the Iraqi Communist Party."  It may have some
connection with Voice of Iraqi Kurdistan, which rptd that the stn had
been inaugurated on Mar 21, 1982.  It appears to share facilites with
R. Freedom [above].
(BBCM Apr. 15, 2001 via NU 1626)

...............................................................

Misc - USA

Steve Anderson resumed United Patriot Radio

(altho I did not hear an ID confirming still using that name) UT
April 19th; checked 3260-USB at 0158 and heard his address being
spelt out, and 0200 into his usual show. Contrary to the previous
info from CRW, he explained that the reason for absence was that just
before Norm Creek there was a large electrical storm, a switching
station was hit, and despite protection, his transmitter was torn up.
Someone from WV has supplied a new one, but in future will close down
when electrical storm approaches, since can`t keep getting new
transmitters. Said had parted ways with Kentucky State Militia
because they objected to his America-is-for-Christians-only
statements -- ``people that fly around on magic carpets need to
leave``, he reiterated, -- but no hard feelings and they were not
fighting among themselves. Then he read a passage from John in the
Christian Bible, played a track from a Tennessee Ernie Ford CD he
just purchased, ``Onward Christian Soldiers``, and so on; transmitter
was still on at 0400 check, presumably with Genesis network
programming.

Next night, UT April 20, tuned in earlier around 0140 and nothing on
3260-USB, but he came on about 0147 making excuses for another
outage; so about to make it through notorious April 19 without being
busted.

BTW, I`ve received several reports of ``patriot`` type programming on
3270 and 12172, wondering if this is UPR. While IDs may be scarce on
either, these are well-established frequencies of licensed WWFV ex-
WGTG
(G.Hauser-USA Apr 20, 2001 in DXLD 1-055)

----------xxxxxxxxxx Correction xxxxxxxxxx---------------------

The statement regarding United Patriot Radio published in CRW 067 soley
reflects the opinions of the CRW editorial team and not Cumbre DX.

------------xxxxxxxxxx Sources xxxxxxxxxx----------------------

Thanks to the following contributors : Daniele Canonica,
Edward Kusalik , Glen Hauser, Wolfgang Bueschel

Source Abbreviations:

ACH    : Anti-Castro Historiography-USA
A-DX   : A-DX-mailing list-Austria
BBCM   : BBC Monitoring-UK
BCDX   : Broadcast DX-Germany
BDXC   : Benelux DX-Club-mailing list-BEL
CDX    : Cumbre DX-USA
CIDX   : CIDX Club-Canada
ConDig : Conexion Digital-Argentina
CR.com : ClandestineRadio.com-USA
CRW    : Clandestine Radio Watch-Germany
DXA    : DXA-mailing list-Belgium
DXLD   : DX Listening Digest-USA
DXtra  : DXtract GADM-Italy
EDXP   : Electronic DX Press-Australia
HCDX   : Hard-Core-DX-mailing list-USA
JAP    : Japan Premium-Japan
NU     : Numero Uno-USA
OBS    : Observer-Bulgaria
ODXA   : Ontario DX Association-Canada
PDX    : Play DX-Italy
QIP    : QSL Information Pages-Germany
TFW    : The Four Winds Online-Italy

BBCM items are Copyright BBCM 2001.
______________________________________________________